Olympic Links |
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Olympic Links. There are over 320 different organisations in the Olympic Movement. It's amazing what you come up with if you trawl the web. There are also thousands of observers and commentators, historians and authors writing on the Olympics. Olympism is out there ... here's my selection of Olympic links to the most interesting sites. Amateur Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles Olympic Info Center "The Amateur Athletic Foundation possesses one of the world's largest collections of Olympic Games information. The collection contains a copy of every official report of the modern Olympic Games; bid documents; several thousand books and periodicals covering all aspects of the Olympic Games; ephemeral materials; the Avery Brundage Collection on microfilm; a large number of Olympic posters and related art; Olympic medals, and thousands of photographs." A goldmine of information. Association of Summer Olympic International Federations "The Summer Olympic International Federations are the organisations responsible for what happens on the field of play at the Olympic Games. With their long history of specific experience and know-how in running their sports on a daily basis, the Federations play a key role in the proper functioning of the sporting competitions at the Games." It's a talking shop for summer sports, basically. Athens 2004 Olympic Games "In 2004, the Olympic Games are returning to their ancient birthplace and the city of their revival. Athletes from all nations will unite in Greece to engage in noble competition." That's if the venues are ready. Oh, and beware the misleading ATHOC budget: the Eur 1.9 billion listed here excludes the Eur 4.4 billion Greek Government budget, the Eur 20.9 billion EU-funded infrastructure budget and many indirect costs. Athens Environmental Foundation "Our Mission: To organise, support and promote global environmental awareness, education, responsibility and sustainability associated with the 2004 Olympiad in Athens, Greece and future Olympic Games... Trees will be planted along the torch route to stand as a lasting memory and a symbol of the Olympic commitment to improving the global environment." Olympic Movement's in-house environmental group. Beijing 2008 Olympic Games "We all love the Olympics. See you all in Beijing. Thank you." Don't expect essays on human rights. Bread not Circuses "A coalition of groups concerned about Toronto's 2008 olympic bid." The motherfather of all the Olympic resistance organisations springing up in bid cities around the world. British Olympic Association "The BOA is now a unique blend of elected officials and professional staff. The elected officials, one from each of the Olympic sports, make up the National Olympic Committee (NOC). The Committee is the Association's decision and policy-making body. It also elects four officers: a President, Chairman and two Vice-Chairman, each for a four year term." Elections, elections, elections. But the British Olympic sports bodies themselves incorporate at best only token democratic representation. Besides, two of three British IOC Members were anyway appointed by Samaranch, and the other is only temporary. British Olympic Medical Centre "The British Olympic Medical Centre (BOMC) is the British Olympic Association's Department of Sports Science and Sports Medicine. It was established in September 1987 and is based at Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow." Now I won't hear a bad word spoken about the BOMC. The only unequivocally useful part of the whole British Olympic apparatus, in my experience. Centre d'Estudis Olímpics i de l'Esport at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona "The Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), faced with the challenge implicit in Barcelona's nomination as host city of the 25th Olympic Games, promoted the creation of the Centre d'Estudis Olímpics i de l'Esport in 1989 for the purposes of research, documentation, training and dissemination of information on Olympism and sport [. . .] The President of the International Olympic Committee, Mr. Juan Antonio Samaranch, and the Rector of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Dr. Carles Solà, signed a co-operation agreement on 9th January, 1995, in Lausanne to create the world's first ever International Chair in Olympism." So don't expect any research critical of the Olympic Movement. Centre for Olympic Studies, University of New South Wales, Australia "Olympic Centres and researchers around the world are particularly encouraged to become involved with the Centre as are persons involved in organising allied Games, such as the Paralympics, Gay Games and Bid Committees." What about opponents of the Games - are they encouraged too by these Games boosters and pretend academics? Concerted Action in the Fight against Doping in Sport (CAFDIS) "CAFDIS will create a network for collecting information on actions undertaken in the field of the fight against doping in sport. National Olympic Committees and an International Sport Federations will create a network to collect this information and post it on a web site. The information is currently available in the public domain on anti-doping in sport. CAFDIS will give easy access to information on anti-doping in sport to a wider audience." It was funded by the Third Thematic Programme of the Fifth Framework of the Commission of the European Union in October 2001. By September 2002 CAFDIS's famous website still did not contain the list of IOC banned substances. CONFEJES "Conférence des ministres de la Jeunesse et des Sports des pays ayant le français en partage". Only 170 million people worldwide use French in their daily lives - just 2.1% of the world's population. This hasn't stopped the French from forming the grand-sounding Agence Intergouvernementale de la Francophonie, which attempts to maintain France's dwindling influence in the world by encouraging former colonies to use French as an official language. CONFEJES, the Conference of Ministers of Youth and Sports of Countries that Share a Common Use of French, plays an important role in this noble endeavour: it provides monthly opportunities for political appointees from France, Canada, Belgium and a host of less-developed countries to travel the world and stay in nice hotels, plus of course frequent shopping trips to Paris. All in the name of a variety of useless projects, inlcuding the Jeux de la Francophonie, which take place every four years (see below). Coubertin.com "Our Mission: to be the leading provider of services to Olympic Collectors world-wide. To be the portal of choice for vendors and collectors of Olympic Games memorabilia and collectibles." Watch those little tendrils of commerce extending out from the Olympic Movement! Cotswold "Olympick" Games "It was in 1612, during the reign of James I, that the Cotswold Games were organised on Dover's Hill, and there were continued on the Thursday and Friday of Whit-week for nearly two and a half centuries . . . and many called the Games 'Olympick', comparing them with their classical predecessors." It's the Olympics, Baron, but not as we know them. Cultural Olympiad "International Foundation of the Olympiad was set up in 1998 by Juan Antonio Samarang [sic], Federico Major, and the Greek minister of culture Evangelos Venizelos. Back in November 1997, the summit meeting of UNESCO unanimously welcomed co-operation with the Cultural Olympiad organised by Greece, while the Foundation was given official approval in early 1999. The Cultural Olympiad is more than just another festival. Moreover, it is goes beyond any national and, indeed, Helleno-centric programme. It is an event of global significance, which is based in Greece and on the 2004 Olympics." It's a vast boondoggle, in other words. Cultural Olympiad Budget "Resources to the tune of 40 billion drachmas (117m Euros, $114m) have already been allocated for the Cultural Olympiad 2001-2004 through the state budget ... to this amount one should also add the additional resources that will be allocated during the 2001-2004 period through the current budget, the Ministry of Culture lottery tickets, funds for Ancient Olympia and the Olympic Youth Festival and Olympic Education, not to mention the funds allocated for specific Ministry of Culture activities with regard to the 2004 Olympic Games. These funds are earmarked solely for activities and not for any infrastructures, which will be covered by the resources derived from the 3rd Community Support Framework." Nowhere will you find a single figure for the total cost of the Cultural Olympiad. It's clearly far more than EUR 117m. Pity the poor Greek taxpayers! Education2010.ca "Education2010.ca is a prototype site that combines the Olympic experience and Olympic values with a wide range of curriculum-based projects, media, and resources to create an exciting learning environment for teachers and students. Education2010.ca is about motivating all students to be the best they can be in body, mind, and spirit." In whose interest is it for Canadian school-kids to be fed another dollop of Olympic Dream pudding - the kids' or the Olympic Movement's? European Olympic Committees "With the funds from Olympic Solidarity and with the help of its official organs: the General Assembly, the Executive Committee, the 5 Commissions (Preparation of the Olympic Games, Marketing and Finances, Technical Cooperation, Juridical, European Youth Olympic Days), the 3 working groups (European Union, New Ways of Communication, Sport & Environment) and the 3 Auditors, the European Olympic Committees usually organises, besides the General Assembly and 4 Executive Committee meetings, a seminar for the Secretaries General and Chefs de Mission alternating with specific seminars on marketing, legal affairs, top level athletes, sports organisation, etc." Basically, these guys spend any money left over from the Games. If there were Olympic medals for being boring, one of their committees would award them to themselves. First Century Project "The Official History of the Modern Olympic Movement." Particularly enjoyable is the Flash introduction featuring a woman runner. Coubertin called the inclusion of women in the Olympics "impractical, uninteresting, unaesthetic and incorrect. Gamesbids.com "The purpose of our publication is to keep readers independently informed and up-to-date with information about the Olympic Bid process and candidate city bids from around the world for 2010 and years beyond." Also offer emailed alerts for news relating to the bid process. General Association of International Sports Federations "GAISF represents the sole forum bringing together the whole of sports organizations once a year to exchange viewpoints on themes of common interest. The large number of personal meetings taking place on this occasion makes for the establishment of good relations between the IFs." Founded in Lausanne in 1988, current president is IOC member Dr Un Yong Kim of Korea. Need we say more? Hell's Kitchen Online "The NYC media is in lockdown on the subject of the NYC2012 Olympic Bid. For the most part what the papers are printing are press releases touting the wonders of 'Going for the Gold.' Very little has been written with critical scrutiny of the various proposals and virtually nothing is making it into the press about the cost. We know Dan Doctoroff and Jay Kriegel have lied about the scope and cost of the Olympic Plan. Only last week a story surfaced in the New York Post that reported the true cost of the bid was more in the neighborhood of $6.5 billion, not the $3.5 billion touted by NYC2012." Read about how the New York 2012 bid team pulled the same old Olympic bid scam and left $5 billion off the bill. The Holocaust History Project "The Holocaust History Project is a free archive of documents, photographs, recordings, and essays regarding the Holocaust, including direct refutation of Holocaust-denial." Read about what the Nazis got up to before, during and after the 1936 Olympics Impact of the Olympics on Community Coalition (IOC Coalition) "The IOC Coalition is an independent organization dedicated to ensuring that environmental, social, transportation, housing, economic and civil rights issues associated with the Vancouver/Whistler 2010 Olympic Bid are addressed from a community perspective." A moderate and reasonable-sounding bunch, they have proposed 40 good governance principles that will presumably be largely ignored by the bid committee. International Centre for Olympic Studies "The International Centre for Olympic Studies was established at The University of Western Ontario in 1989. It has as its primary mission the generation and dissemination of academic scholarship focused specifically upon the socio-cultural study of the Modern Olympic Games and the Olympic Movement." Receives funding from the IOC for an annual Distinguished Olympic Fellow, as well as funding from Olympic sponsor Coca-Cola for its conferences. Tame academics. International Fair Play Committee The International Fair Play Committee was formed in 1964 in Paris (where it shared an address with the French National Olympic Committee), and its headquarters moved to Budapest in September of 2001. This shadowy organisation pops up on the CV of lots of eminent sports officials but has no website. Described by various parts of the Olympic Movement as being part of Unesco, it isn't. Gives out an annual prize for fair play, and presumably signs the expense claims of its committee members. If anyone has spotted any other recent signs of life, do please let me know. International Olympic Academy "The International Olympic Academy functions as a multicultural interdisciplinary centre that aims at studying, enriching and promoting Olympism . . . The IOA operates from its magnificent premises which are situated a few hundred yards from the sacred site of Ancient Olympia . . .". One of the founders of the Academy was Carl Diem, General Secretary of the 1936 Hitler Olympics and "close associate" of Coubertin. Diem was not a member of the Nazi party, but here is a nice picture of him with Hitler anyway. International Olympic Committee "Official website of the Olympic Movement." Do not expect to read about the 1968 Mexico City Massacre, the Great 1999 Bribery Scandal, Paganism in Olympic ceremonies or the Chinese record on human rights. International Olympic Truce Centre "At the dawn of the 21st century, the Olympic Truce once again calls upon humanity to lay down its weapons and to work towards building the foundations of peace, mutual respect, understanding and reconciliation. To that end in July 2000, the International Olympic Committee launches the International Olympic Truce Foundation and the International Olympic Truce Centre, new instruments of peace in our times." Yes, it's the old appeasement slogan of Neville Chamberlain! Didn't work then, won't work now. But my goodness, this whole thing looks expensive. Someone give the old trouts a Nobel Prize please! International Olympic Youth Committee (IOYC) "IOYC - Working together for an even better Olympic movement." The IOYC seems at present to restrict itself to running some bulletin boards where kids are encouraged to outpour their hopes and dreams for improving the world through the Olympics. Originating in Canada (which makes you suspect it is a covert part of the Vancouver/Whistler 2010 bid), it appears to be attempting to build a global presence though it doesn't appear to have any rank-and-file members. International Paralympic Committee "The International Paralympic Committee is the international representative organisation of elite sports for athletes with disabilities. IPC organises, supervises and co-ordinates the Paralympic Games and other multi-disability competitions on elite sports level, of which the most important are world and regional championships." International Pierre de Coubertin Committee "The life and the work of Pierre de Coubertin reposes on cultural principles capable of unravelling the antinomies of the human condition, in offering to a world in full transformation, a new manner of thinking and acting." Don't expect to read about how vitriolically opposed he was to the inclusion of women in the Games. International Society of Olympic Historians "The purpose of the International Society of Olympic Historians (ISOH) is to promote and study the Olympic Movement and the Olympic Games . . . Over 20 ISOH members have received the Olympic Order for their contributions to the Olympic Movement . . . ISOH will attempt to work closely with the IOC in disseminating information about, and promoting the history of the Olympic Movement and Olympic Games." Tame historians - how convenient for the IOC. Istanbul 2012 "Inspiring the young people of Istanbul with the principles of Olympism and preparing them for the tasks of playing host to the Games will be an essential part of this strategy." Istanbul bid unsuccessfully for the Games of 2000, 2004 and 2008. Don't hold your breath for 2012. Jennings, Andrew "Award-winning journalist Andrew Jennings has led the world in exposing Olympic corruption in three explosive books, The Lords of the Rings, The New Lords of the Rings and The Great Olympic Swindle. Among many awards, his favourite is the 1994 jail sentence he received in Switzerland at the International Olympic Committee's request for alleging that IOC members took bribes." You need a strong stomach to read Jennings's devastating indictment of the house that Samaranch built. Jeux de la Francophonie "Les Jeux de la Francophonie expriment la créativité et l'excellence de la jeunesse francophone". As described above (see CONFEGES), la Francophonie is part of the cheese-eating surrender-monkeys' attempt to maintain dwindling international influence by leaning on former colonies to maintain French as an official language. The Jeux de la Francophonie takes place every four years in the year after the Olympics, offering the usual range of travel, hospitality and commercial benefits to sports officials from less-developed countries. Competitors vie for medals in a range of sports, as well as in cultural events such as painting, sculpture, singing, storytelling, dance, literature and photography. To give you some idea of how absurd all this is, the games have their own anthem, called "The Light Which Unites Us", and the top four countries in the sporting medal table at 2001 Jeux de la Francophonie in Canada included those well-known French-speakers, Romania and Poland. The next games are in Nigeria in 2005 - unless, of course, the prospect of female athletes in shorts cause more Islamic fundamentalist riots like the ones that disrupted the Miss World contest in 2002. Kuwaiti Olympic Committee "The Kuwaiti Olympic committee derives its concepts from the wisdom and concept of the political leadership in the country, starting from our great Islamic doctrines, customs and traditions, and from the modern Olympic concept, which is a mixture of art, morals and sportsmanship. The committee’s aim is to build up a better world where peace prevails through education, generalization, and encouraging the youth to exercise sports in the frame of the Olympic spirit." Soccer tour of Israel anyone? Leipzig 2012 "With its long-standing reputation as a centre for music and culture, commerce and trade fairs, the publishing trade and athletics, Leipzig has a lot to offer. What other reasons are there in favour of Leipzig as venue for the Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games?" What other reasons indeed? Everyone knows that only capitals or major cities can with the Games, the real question is why are the German Olympic Committee bothering at all with this candidacy? London 2012 "A successful Olympic bid would provide a landmark opportunity to improve the infrastructure of the city's rail and tube network, which is more extensive than any other city in the world." This from the city that suffers two tube derailments in one week. Only Londoners know just how poor the city's transport really is. London 2012 will require massive investment in transport infrastructure, starting with Cross-Rail and upgrades to the Central and Jubilee lines, extensions to the Docklands Light Railway. None of which is guaranteed, and none of which has been costed into the plans. Madrid 2012 "Madrid 2012 is the common project shared by all Madrid’s inhabitants to organize the Olympic Games of the year 2012. During the Olympics the visitors will enjoy an open, friendly, modern city where cultural and sports events are always present. A dream which will be shared by fans of sports and culture around the world, that is to hold in Madrid one of the most universal and vital events ever: the Olympic Games." Moscow 2001 - 112th IOC Session "A general meeting of the members of the IOC, called a Session, is held at least once a year. The Session is the supreme organ of the IOC. It adopts, modifies and interprets the Olympic Charter. Its decisions are final." The official site of the 112th session, at which Samaranch stepped down, his son was 'elected' an IOC member, Jacques Rogge was elected new President over Un Yong Kim (now under investigation for selling places on the Korean Olympic Committee and embezzling funds from the World Taekwando Federation, and suspended by the IOC). Enjoy particularly the biography of Samaranch that manages to describe his entire career without using the words 'Fascist' or 'Franco'. Moscow 2012 - New Hope "Welcome to the official website of the Bid Committee to promote Moscow as a applicant city to host the XXX Olympic Games of 2012! The 'Olympic Flame' will be lit in Moscow during Pancake Week". Do the Moscow bid committee know something about IOC members' diets that other bid cities don't? NYC 2012 "People told me that the New York reception would be the biggest of all but I had no idea it was going to be so much more overwhelming than all the others. Only New York could have produced such a welcome." The official site for the New York 2012 bid opens with a quotation from Charles Lindbergh. How apt: Charles Lindbergh was, of course, the openly pro-Nazi aviator, honoured with the Service Cross of the German Eagle by the Nazis. He was the spokesman for the America First Committee in the late 1930s, travelling the country to argue against "the dilution of European blood by foreign races", funded by his friend Avery Brundage, later long-time President of the IOC. New York rightly earned the sympathy of the world on 9/11 - it is sad to see it being squandered on the chimera of an ill-conceived Olympic bid. NewYorkGames.com "Contrary to International Olympic Committee guidance, a Manhattan Olympics would be: > too costly and > too complicated, as well as > too congested and > too controversial to win. Another borough must host instead." Brian Hatch's blog is dedicated to telling the world the truth behind the NYC2012 bid. Well worth a visit. Olympiaka.com "Olympiaka.com provides one of the most comprehensive Internet search engines and directories related to Games today, a powerful research tool about past Olympiads, and several interactive user areas. Olympiaka is not supported or endorsed by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) or any official National Olympic Committee (NOC) of any country." Sadly it looks like it hasn't been maintained for some time. Olympic Aid "Olympic Aid is an athlete-driven humanitarian non-profit organization using sport and play to enhance child development and build community capacity. Our Vision is a A world in which every child enjoys the right to play." Set up by the Norwegians during Lillehammer 1994, Olympic Aid is led by Johan Olav Koss, winner of four speed skating gold medals. Sounds like a great organisation, even though it is funded by the IOC and doesn't appear to publish its accounts. Olympic Canadiana "Celebrating Canada, the Olympic Games, and the Canadian Olympic Dream." Olympicanadiana is not affiliated with or funded by the International Olympic Committee, or any National Olympic Committee, so presumably it's only a matter of time before they get a threatening letter from an IOC lawyer for even thinking of using the rings. Nice clean design. Olympic Collectors Commission "This site offers you key information about various Olympic Collecting disciplines. Olympic stamps, coins and memorabilia items are currently on display in our virtual galleries." Incoporates the International Olympic Memorabilia Federation, the International Olympic Numismatic Federation and the International Olympic Philately Federation. Hey, when we've finished collecting, we'll start doing something about human rights. Olympic Council of Asia "The Olympic Council of Asia was approved for formation in New Delhi, India during the Asian Games Federation (AGF) Council Meeting held on November 26, 1981, which was attended by duly accredited representatives of the affiliated Asian National Olympic Committees." The site doesn't say at what point it was hijacked and taken over by the Kuwaitis, but at least their website tells you their sources of finance (No 1: Government of Kuwait) Olympic Games: A Bibliography Compiled by A. J. Veal and K. Toohey with Alison Burkhardt and Peter Haxton. "While this bibliography is extensive, with some 1400 entries, it is not claimed to be comprehensive. It is arranged in alphabetical order by author, with a separate section at the end listing official Games reports." Proves that at least 1400 people have written stuff about the Olympics, and still the general public has no idea what it's about. Olympic Museum Lausanne "The Olympic Museum is for everyone for whom sport and the Olympic Movement are a passion, everyone fascinated by history, culture and art, and all those who are interested in to the future of our society." It cost $120m to build and $20m a year to keep open. It has fewer visitors than the Anheuser Busch brewery tour. Whose idea was it to locate it in Lausanne, seat of the IOC but not exactly a tourist Mecca? Olympic Paints "Olympic Paints - Protects Wood Beautifully". Yes, the muppets in Lausanne didn't get all the Olympic domain names. Organising Committee for Murcia 2001 European Youth Olympic Days "Murcia was the host city of this competition of Olympic Range in which participated 2.500 young athlets coming from 46 countries, the inauguration ceremony was developed in the "Cuartel de Artillería" the day 22 and it was the starting point for the development of the competition during the following days in the 10 summoned sport modalities." I've no idea what it is, but I'm sure the IOC pays for it. At least it appears they saved money on translators. The next one's in Paris in 2003. Paris 2012 "Des Jeux de toutes les couleurs" is how the team leading Paris's 2012 Olympic bid describes its plan. It looks like a blatant attempt to counter London's 'Tony Factor' by playing to the third-world faction within the IOC and presenting France as the only alternative to a London or New York Games. Their roadshow will presumably be reminding its audience of President Chirac's finest hour: his heroic defense of the Butcher of Baghdad and his son Uday, Head of the Iraqi Olympic Committee and torturer-in-chief of athletes. Proceedings of the International Olympic Academy "Complete proceedings from 1980, selected proceedings from 1960s, 1970s and 1980s." Essential browsing for fans of Avery Brundage and Carl Diem. Rio de Janeiro 2012 As of 10 November 2003, Rio does not seem to have a website for it's bid. Congrats Rio, but don't put the champagne on ice. Link >>>
Salt Lake City 2002 Olympic Winter Games "Official site of the 2002 Winter Games". Just don't mention the words bribery or polygamy. Society of Olympic Collectors "The Society of Olympic Collectors was founded in 1984, as a philatelic society, and at the start of the new millennium it is still the only English language philatelic society specializing in only the Olympic theme." Also publish a magazine called Torch Bearer. Special Olympics International "Special Olympics is an international organization dedicated to empowering individuals with mental retardation to become physically fit, productive and respected members of society through sports training and competition." Torino 2006 Olympic Winter Games "The candidature of Torino represented the intention of institutions to work to build the future together. The IOC Assembly chose Torino to host the XX Winter Olympic Games in 2006 on 19 June 1999 in Seoul." Yawn. US Holocaust Memorial Museum exhibit on the Berlin Olympics "An online version of an exhibition created by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington DC". Brilliantly explained, great photos. If you want one resource that puts the 1936 Olympics in context this would be it. Wenlock Olympian Society "The Wenlock Olympian Society is devoted to preserving the ideals of Dr William Penny Brookes, one of the most influential pioneers of the modern day Olympic Games. The Society is based in Much Wenlock, Shropshire." It was Brookes who in 1850 first came up with the idea of reviving the Olympics, and the first "Olympian Games" were held in Wenlock in 1859. Whistler Olympic Info "Games promoters talk about 'Legacies' and 'Legacy Funds' as if they are gifts from the IOC. In fact, they are payed for by taxpayers. Kinda like, 'Give me $100, I wanna buy you a present.' Except in this case it's, 'Give me a couple billion. I wanna buy you a Legacy.'" Yup, that's how the system works. A couple of concerned Whistler residents who describe themselves as neither pro- nor anti- the Whistler/Vancouver bid, but pro-information. Wish them luck, they are going to need it! World Olympians "The mission of the World Olympians Association is to unite the nearly 100,000 Olympians around the world and involve them in the activities of the Olympic Movement." It has yet to contact the author or any Olympians he knows. World Sport For All Congress "The IOC has granted its patronage to the World Congress on Sport for All since 1986. The 1994 Congress was also patronised by the World Health Organization (WHO). Since 1996, the WHO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the General Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF) have cooperated with the IOC in the organisation of the Congress." Lunch, lunch, lunch for world fitness! Zappas.org "Zappas.org compiles an Internet-based directory of the websites of teams, participating in world-leading sports events, who seek sponsorship. Our mission is to encourage philanthropy to sport." Named after the first modern Renovator of the Olympic Games, the Greek philanthropist Evangelis Zappas. His efforts (and wealth) led to four Olympic Games being held in Greece in the nineteenth century, inspiring Dr Brookes to set up the Wenlock Olympics in the UK, which in turn inspired Baron Pierre de Coubertin. If you know of any olympic links that you don't see here, then email them to me for inclusion. |